This is a working overview of GHRH analog, written for readers who want more than a one-paragraph summary but less than a textbook.
This page was last updated on 2025-08-15 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
Naming in this area is inconsistent, and readers should treat product labels with care. In much of the literature and in vendor catalogs, the unqualified term refers to the albumin-binding version, while the version lacking the DAC group appears as modified GRF(1-29), mod GRF(1-29), or the same name with a without-DAC qualifier. Because one abbreviation has been applied to both materials, the only reliable way to identify a sample is to check the stated sequence and the presence of the linker.
CJC-1295 is the name used for a synthetic peptide modeled on growth hormone-releasing hormone, the hypothalamic signal that prompts the pituitary to release growth hormone. The compound was described by a Canadian drug discovery company in the mid-2000s as a long-acting research tool. Two closely related molecules share the name in practice: one carries a drug affinity complex, or DAC, group, and one does not. The distinction matters because the two behave differently in circulation.
Reconstitution is typically performed with sterile water or bacteriostatic water, added slowly against the vial wall. The resulting solution should be clear and colorless; cloudiness or visible particles suggest a problem with the material or the diluent. Once in solution, the peptide is less stable than the dry powder. Refrigerated storage at two to eight degrees Celsius is common for short-term holding, while freezing aliquots is described for longer periods.
Purity is most often assessed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, reported as a percentage of total peak area. Identity is confirmed by mass spectrometry, which yields a molecular ion consistent with the expected sequence. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping provide additional characterization. Reported purity values are method-dependent, so figures from different laboratories are not always directly comparable without details of column, gradient, and detection wavelength.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular class | Synthetic peptide | GHRH analog, not a steroid |
| Backbone length | 29 amino acids | Based on GRF(1-29) |
| Substitutions | Four positions | D-Ala2, Gln8, Ala15, Leu27 |
| Appearance | White to off-white powder | Typical lyophilized research material |
| Common synonyms | Modified GRF(1-29) | Usage varies between sources |
Laboratory handling centers on minimizing exposure to water, heat and oxygen before use. Working solutions are typically prepared in sterile water or a mild buffer, and any residual particulate matter is removed by filtration. When the powder dissolves slowly, a small proportion of acetonitrile or dilute acetic acid is sometimes added as a co-solvent. Containers are kept sealed and desiccated between uses. Records of lot number, reconstitution date and storage conditions support later comparison of results across experiments.
Identity and purity are established with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The chromatographic step separates the target peptide from truncated sequences and deletion products, while the mass measurement confirms the expected molecular weight to within a fraction of a dalton. Because the two common variants differ by the presence of the linker, mass alone can distinguish them in the unconjugated state. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping are used when sequence level confirmation is required.
Lyophilized material is generally stable for extended periods when held at minus twenty degrees Celsius or below and protected from moisture and light. In solution the peptide is more labile; bond hydrolysis, aggregation and oxidation of susceptible residues all proceed faster at ambient temperature. Repeated freeze and thaw cycles should be avoided because they promote clumping and loss of soluble material. The conjugated variant adds a further consideration, since the maleimide group can hydrolyze in aqueous buffer and lose its ability to react with albumin.
The dividing feature between the two forms is a maleimide-based drug affinity complex, abbreviated DAC. In the DAC-bearing version, a linker attaches the peptide to serum albumin after administration, and that association slows removal from plasma. The version lacking DAC appears in catalogs as MOD GRF(1-29) or tetrasubstituted GRF(1-29). Because informal writing treats both as one item, comparisons drawn from such sources routinely blend measurements taken from two molecules with substantially different behavior.
Four amino acid substitutions separate the modified backbone from the parent GRF(1-29) sequence. These changes reduce recognition by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and related proteases, extending the interval before degradation. Development work in this area sought longer-acting GHRH analogs for endocrine investigation. Published descriptions treat the substitution set as a defining property of the core sequence, while the albumin-binding linker is described separately as an optional addition to that same backbone.
CJC-1295 is a synthetic peptide analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone, constructed on the 29-amino-acid fragment designated GRF(1-29). The name began as an internal development code during the 1990s and later spread through research supply catalogs and discussion forums. The molecule does not occur in nature; its sequence is engineered rather than isolated from tissue. Two related compounds are sold under this single label, and they differ by one appended chemical group that strongly influences how long the peptide remains in circulation.
Verification matters because research peptides vary widely in quality. A certificate of analysis is only as reliable as the method behind it, and a single chromatographic trace reveals little about counter-ions, residual solvents, or water content. Independent laboratories commonly pair mass confirmation with chromatographic purity and, where relevant, quantify water along with acetate or trifluoroacetate content. Reported purity figures are not standardized across suppliers, so a stated value such as ninety-eight percent is not directly comparable unless the analytical method, column, and detection wavelength accompany it.
Characterization of this peptide relies on a small set of routine techniques. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separates the target from truncated or oxidized by-products and yields a purity estimate when paired with ultraviolet detection near 214 nanometers. Mass spectrometry, either electrospray coupled to liquid chromatography or matrix-assisted laser desorption, confirms that the observed mass matches the value calculated for the expected sequence. Amino acid analysis, and enzymatic digestion followed by fragment mapping, are used when the sequence itself rather than the mass requires verification.
=== Other uses === GnRH antagonists are being investigated in the treatment of women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer. In men, they are being investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and also as potential contraceptive agents. GnRH antagonists could be used as puberty blockers in transgender youth and to suppress sex hormone levels in transgender adolescents and adults.
In over 50 cases between 1887 and the early 1990s, prosecutors charged Christian Scientists after adults and children died of treatable illnesses without medical care. The death in 1967 of five-year-old Lisa Sheridan of pneumonia, in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, was the first of several in the 20th century known within the church as the "child cases," according to Fraser. Her mother was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to five years' probation. It was after this prosecution that the church began lobbying for religious exemptions. In 1977, 16-month-old Matthew Swan died of bacterial meningitis in Detroit, Michigan, after his parents were persuaded not to seek timely medical care; they responded by founding Children's Healthcare is a Legal Duty (CHILD) in 1983. Between 1980 and 1990, seven Christian Scientist parents in the United States were prosecuted; there were four convictions, two overturned. In 1988, 12-year-old Ashley King died in Phoenix, Arizona, after living for months with a tumor on her leg that had a 41-inch (1,000 mm) circumference. Her parents pleaded guilty to reckless endangerment. A prominent case in Massachusetts was Commonwealth v. Twitchell in 1990, which saw the parents of two-year-old Robyn Twitchell convicted of involuntary manslaughter after he died of peritonitis. The conviction was overturned; the appellate court ruled that the couple had "reasonably believed" they could rely on Christian Science prayer without being prosecuted.
Lesions might be more severe and widespread, or they can develop gradually and show no symptoms. The nodules may cause pain and hinder function in addition to having a variety of sizes and shapes. The underlying condition determines the localization of the lesions in dystrophic calcification. The elbows, fingers, knees, and forearms are the most often affected regions in people with systemic sclerosis. Elbows, knees, and regions of prior inflammatory lesions in dermatomyositis are affected by calcification. Lupus erythematosus affects the limbs, buttocks, area beneath lupus lesions, and periarticular areas. Periarticular lesions are found in metastatic calcification. In tumoral calcinosis, the lesions are found around joints, but in idiopathic calcification, the lesions are found on children's faces as subepidermal calcified nodules. In iatrogenic calcification, the calcification is found at venipuncture sites.
=== Music therapy === A 2009 review found that 3 to 10 sessions of music therapy (when added to standard care) resulted in a noticeable improvement in depressive symptoms, with still greater improvement after 16 to 51 sessions. A 2017 cochrane systematic review found that music therapy added to the usual treatment of depression gives better outcome than the usual treatment alone: "The effect size translates to a difference of 9.8 points on the HAM-D". It also found that there is no significant difference between active and receptive music therapy comparing depression outcome. It is also important to note that music therapy is not associated with more or fewer adverse events than treatment as usual.
Pipeline pig launchers and receivers are provided with a pig signaller (XA) to indicate that a pig has been launched or has arrived. Packaged items of equipment (compressors, diesel engines, electricity generators, etc) are fitted with local vendor supplied instrumentation. When equipment malfunctions a multivariable signal (UA) is sent to the control room. The fire and gas detection system comprises local sensors to detect the presence of gas, smoke or fire. These initiate alarms in the control room. Simultaneous detection of multiple sensors initiates action to start firewater pumps and close fire dampers in enclosed spaces. The petrochemical plant may have several levels of shutdown. A unit shutdown (USD) entails shutdown of one limited unit with the rest of the plant remaining in operation. A production shutdown (PSD) entails shutdown of the entire process plant. An emergency shutdown (ESD) entails complete shutdown of the plant. Older plant may have local control loops which operate pneumatic (3 – 15 psia) final element actuators. Sensors may also transmit electrical signals (4 – 20mA). Conversion between pneumatic and electrical signals is undertaken by P/I and I/P converters. Control of modern plant is based on a distributed control systems using fieldbus digital protocols.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Blood nerve barrier === The peripheral blood nerve barrier is analogous to the blood brain barrier. Like the blood brain barrier, the blood nerve barrier creates a stable, privileged environment where certain substances cannot pass through due to tight junctions. The blood nerve barrier is made up of inner cells of the perineurium and the endothelial cells of the endoneurial microvessels.
Medical societies and professional guidelines recommend that the physician confirm a person is at high risk for Chronic Coronary Syndrome before conducting diagnostic non-invasive imaging tests to make a diagnosis, as such tests are unlikely to change management and result in increased costs. Patients who have a normal ECG and who are able to exercise, for example, most likely do not merit routine imaging.
=== Generic names === Gonadorelin is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, BANTooltip British Approved Name, and JANTooltip Japanese Accepted Name, while gonadorelina is its DCITTooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana and gonadoréline is its DCFTooltip Dénomination Commune Française. The diacetate salt is known as gonadorelin acetate and this is its USANTooltip United States Adopted Name, BANMTooltip British Approved Name, and JANTooltip Japanese Accepted Name, while the hydrochloride salt is known as gonadorelin hydrochloride and this is its USANTooltip United States Adopted Name and BANMTooltip British Approved Name.
Photoageing has two main concerns: an increased risk for skin cancer and the appearance of damaged skin. In younger skin, sun damage will heal faster since the cells in the epidermis have a faster turnover rate, while in the older population the skin becomes thinner and the epidermis turnover rate for cell repair is lower, which may result in the dermis layer being damaged.
==== Lifestyle ==== Physical activity can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and people at risk are advised to engage in 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic exercise a week. Keeping a healthy weight, drinking alcohol within the recommended limits, and quitting smoking reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Substituting unsaturated fats such as olive oil and rapeseed oil instead of saturated fats may reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, although there is not universal agreement. Dietary modifications are recommended by some national authorities, with recommendations including increasing the intake of wholegrain starch, reducing sugar intake (particularly of refined sugar), consuming five portions of fruit and vegetables daily, consuming two or more portions of fish per week, and consuming 4–5 portions of unsalted nuts, seeds, or legumes per week. The dietary pattern with the greatest support is the Mediterranean diet. Vitamins and mineral supplements are of no proven benefit, and neither are plant stanols or sterols. Public health measures may also act at a population level to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, for example by reducing unhealthy diets (excessive salt, saturated fat, and trans-fat) including food labeling and marketing requirements as well as requirements for catering and restaurants and stimulating physical activity. This may be part of regional cardiovascular disease prevention programs or through the health impact assessment of regional and local plans and policies.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
No. It is a laboratory-made analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone. The natural hormone is a 44-residue peptide, while the analog is built on a shorter 29-residue fragment.
The original material included a linker that binds serum albumin. A later variant removed that linker to reduce the duration of action. Catalogs and papers did not consistently adopt separate names, so both remain widely labeled with the same term.
The amino acid sequence and the presence or absence of the linker group. Mass measured by spectrometry gives an independent check that separates the two forms.
Cool, dark, and dry conditions are standard, with storage at minus twenty degrees Celsius or below. Desiccant and sealed vials limit moisture uptake. Repeated warming and cooling of the container is generally avoided.